Occupational Health Risks among Taxi and Uber Drivers in Jamaica: A Comparative Public Health Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates the occupational health risks faced by taxi and Uber drivers in Jamaica, focusing on physical, mental, and environmental factors that influence their wellbeing. Using the Social Determinants of Health framework, the research examines how socio-economic conditions, such as informal employment, long working hours, economic insecurity, and limited healthcare access, contribute to elevated rates of hypertension, diabetes, musculoskeletal disorders, and mental health challenges within this workforce. Quantitative data reveal that these drivers experience a higher prevalence of chronic conditions compared to national averages. At the same time, qualitative findings highlight stressors, including poor vehicle ergonomics, inadequate rest, exposure to urban pollution, and fears related to crime. Comparative analysis with international literature shows common occupational risks but also underscores unique local challenges related to infrastructure and social insecurity in Jamaica. The findings emphasise that unhealthy lifestyle behaviours among drivers are closely linked to structural and occupational constraints rather than personal failings. The study advocates for tailored public health interventions incorporating ergonomic vehicle modifications, mental health support, health education, and improved policy inclusion of informal transport workers. It calls for multisectoral collaboration between government agencies, transport associations, and healthcare providers to address these issues holistically. By contributing region-specific empirical evidence, this research fills a gap in Caribbean occupational health literature. It provides actionable recommendations to enhance the health and safety of an essential yet underserved segment of the Jamaican workforce.